Rescue breathing is needed for drowning victims who are not breathing adequately or have stopped breathing entirely. Here’s when and how it’s applied:
When Rescue Breathing Is Needed:
- No Breathing or Agonal Breaths:
- If the victim is unresponsive and not breathing or only gasping (agonal breathing), start rescue breathing immediately.
- Before Starting Chest Compressions:
- For drowning victims, hypoxia (lack of oxygen) is the primary problem. Providing oxygen through rescue breaths is crucial.
- Rescue breathing should be given before starting chest compressions, as the primary issue is often airway obstruction by water, not a cardiac issue.
- After Clearing the Airway:
- If the airway is blocked by water, vomit, or debris, clear it before administering rescue breaths.
Steps for Rescue Breathing in Drowning:
- Check Responsiveness:
- Tap the victim and shout to see if they respond.
- Call for Help:
- Activate emergency medical services (EMS) immediately.
- Open the Airway:
- Tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway.
- Provide Rescue Breaths:
- Pinch the victim’s nose shut.
- Create a seal over their mouth with your mouth.
- Give 2 slow breaths, each lasting about 1 second, watching for the chest to rise.
- If Chest Does Not Rise:
- Reopen the airway and try again.
- Check for Pulse and Breathing:
- If there is a pulse but no breathing, continue rescue breathing at a rate of 1 breath every 5-6 seconds (for adults) or 1 breath every 3-5 seconds (for children and infants).
- If No Pulse:
- Begin CPR (cardiopulmonary resuscitation): Combine chest compressions with rescue breathing (30 compressions to 2 breaths for adults, children, and infants).
Importance of Rescue Breathing:
Drowning victims often suffer from hypoxia, so providing oxygen through rescue breaths is critical to restoring breathing and preventing brain damage or death. Immediate action can save lives.