Rescue breathing can still be effective in a drowning victim, even if their lungs contain water, because only a small amount of water typically enters the lungs during drowning. Here’s how rescue breathing works in this situation:
1. Clearing the Airway:
- Before giving rescue breaths, check for and remove any visible obstructions in the victim’s mouth, such as vomit, debris, or water.
- If there is fluid in the airway, tilting the head back and lifting the chin can help open the airway, allowing air to pass more easily.
2. Forcing Air into the Lungs:
- Rescue breaths deliver air into the victim’s lungs, creating positive pressure that can push residual water in the smaller airways out into the alveoli (the air sacs in the lungs).
- This helps oxygen to reach the bloodstream, even if some water remains.
3. Displacement of Water:
- The lungs may not need to be completely clear of water for oxygen exchange to begin. Rescue breathing can oxygenate the blood and help sustain vital organs while awaiting more advanced medical care.
4. Promoting Oxygenation:
- The first priority is delivering oxygen to the bloodstream to prevent hypoxia (lack of oxygen), even if the breaths are not as effective as they would be in a non-drowning situation.
Key Points to Remember:
- Water in the lungs doesn’t block all air exchange: Even partially filled lungs can still exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide to some extent.
- Don’t delay rescue breathing: Time is critical. Start rescue breaths as soon as the airway is opened, even if you suspect water in the lungs.
- Chest compressions may assist: If the victim is not breathing and has no pulse, chest compressions (as part of CPR) can help circulate blood, remove water from the lungs, and enhance oxygen delivery.
Myths About “Draining the Lungs”:
- You do not need to attempt to drain water from the lungs by inverting the victim or pressing on their abdomen before giving rescue breaths. This delays critical care and is generally ineffective.
- Proper rescue breathing and, if needed, CPR are the best ways to help a drowning victim.
Timely, effective rescue breathing can save a drowning victim’s life by providing essential oxygen until professional medical care is available.
